Rat CD103-MHCII+CD45R-CD161+CD172a+ cells are a novel potent subpopulation of cDC2, corresponding to known mouse and human subpopulations., Yasushi Sawanobori, Tadayuki Ogawa, Hisashi Ueta, Yusuke Kitazawa, Nobuko Tokuda, APPW2025, 19 Mar. 2025, 17 Mar. 2025, 19 Mar. 2025, Oral presentation, Chiba, Japan, Japan, Dendritic cells (DCs) are known for their potent capabilities in antigen presentation, T cell priming, and cytokine secretion. They consist of XCR1+ conventional DC1 (cDC1), CD172a+ cDC2, and plasmacytoid DC subsets. While CD11c serves as the primary marker for DCs in mice and humans, rat DCs have traditionally been identified by CD103 molecules. However, this history cannot exclude the possibility of CD103- DC existence in rats.
To investigate this possibility, we examined low-density cells from the rat spleen and MHCII-enriched rat thymic cells, finding CD103-MHCII+CD45R-CD161+CD172a+ cells. These cells were negative for CD103 and the B cell marker CD45R, but positive for another rat DC marker CD161 and the cDC2 marker CD172a. For further characterization, we performed microarray analyses on these cells. Principal component analysis, marker gene expression, and similarity to murine counterparts indicated that these cells represent a subpopulation of cDC2. Consequently, we designated this novel subset and the classic rat cDC2 as CD103- cDC2 and CD103+ cDC2, respectively.
Subsequently, we investigated the functionality of the rat CD103- and CD103+ cDC2 subsets. Gene set enrichment analyses suggested that the rat CD103- cDC2 subsets are enriched for immune-associated terms, while the rat CD103+ cDC2 subsets are enriched for cell cycle-associated terms. Consistent with this prediction, the rat CD103- cDC2 cells induced enhanced T cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction assays.
Given that mouse and human cDC2 subsets include subpopulations such as cDC2a, cDC2b, inf-cDC2, and moDC, we compared the rat CD103- and CD103+ cDC2 subsets to these subpopulations. The rat CD103- cDC2s expressed markers associated with cDC2a, cDC2b, inf-cDC2, and moDC, whereas the rat CD103+ cDC2s expressed exclusively cDC2a markers.
These findings suggest that a substantial and potent population of DCs may have been overlooked in studies relying on anti-CD103 criteria. Researchers working with rat models should consider the presence of CD103- cDC2s in their investigations., False, Domestic journal
A single-cell analysis revealed tissue-restricted antigen-expressing fibroblasts accumulated in epithelium-free areas in rat thymic medulla, Yasushi Sawanobori, Hisashi Ueta, Yusuke Kitazawa, and Nobuko Tokuda, The 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society for Immunology, 03 Dec. 2024, 03 Dec. 2024, 05 Dec. 2024, Oral presentation, Nagasaki, Japan, Japan, Several reports have indicated that not only medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) but also thymic medullary fibroblasts (mFbs) express tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) that are essential for the negative selection (Nitta 2020, Nitta 2021).
On the other hand, we have reported that there are medullary epithelium-free areas (mEFAs) that lack mTECs in the medulla of rat thymus (Sawanobori 2014, Sawanobori 2021). We recently performed immunohistochemistry upon some candidate antigens to reveal accumulated cells in the mEFAs, finding the accumulation of PDGFRb+ fibroblasts in this area.
Based on these facts, we performed a single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis on rat thymic stromal cells to investigate whether the rat mEFAs are the place to present TRAs expressed by mFbs.
The umap clustering revealed five fibroblast subsets: Fb1-4s and capsular fibroblasts (capFbs). Fb1s and Fb2s expressed Pdgfra mainly. Fb3s and Fb4s expressed Pdgfrb and significant TRA genes, suggesting that they are the mFbs accumulated in the rat mEFAs. The velocity analysis revealed that Fb1s are an independent cluster, Fb2s are progenitors of capFbs, and Fb3s are the progenitors of Fb4s.
Our research has demonstrated that TRA-expressing PDGFRb+ Fbs accumulate in the rat mEFAs, suggesting that mEFAs are where Fb-derived TRA are presented. Moreover, we have discovered novel fibroblast subsets: Pdgfra+ Fb1s and capFb progenitor Fb2s. Now, investigations into functions and localizations of these novel subsets are ongoing.
An additional remark: The scRNA-seq also revealed subpopulations of rat mTECs that have been poorly understood. Data concerning mTECs will also be presented., False, Domestic journal
Identification of rat thymic fibroblasts and their expression of tissue-restricted antigens, Yasushi Sawanobori, Hisashi Ueta, Yusuke Kitazawa, and Nobuko Tokuda, The 129th Annual Meeting of The Japanese Association of Anatomists, 22 Mar. 2024, 21 Mar. 2024, 23 Mar. 2024, Oral presentation, Japan, It is well known that medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) present tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) to conduct the selection process of T cells, eventually to prevent autoimmunity. However, several reports indicate that mouse thymic medullary fibroblasts (mFbs) also express TRAs (Nitta 2020, Nitta 2021). Nevertheless, fibroblast distribution and TRA expression are not elucidated in rat thymus. We performed single-cell PCR on rat thymic stromal cells to investigate them.
After identifying the mFbs and the mTECs based on Pdgfrb and Aire on in silico analysis and immunohistochemistry, we screened two groups of candidates; the top 50 genes expressed stronger in the rat mFbs than in other thymic fibroblasts (a) and 52 genes indicated in said reports (b). The Human Protein Atlas was referred to to exclude constitutively expressed genes.
Within the candidates, 22% and 17% of genes from groups a and b were identified as mFb-associated TRAs, respectively. And 6% and 12% were identified as mFb-mTEC-associated TRAs.
These results suggest significant differences in TRA expression between rats and mice and that in vivo experiments are required to overview the TRA expression in rats., False, Domestic journal
Analysis of transcriptomes of rat dendritic cell subsets and newly discovered CD103- DC-like cells., Yasushi Sawanobori, Hisashi Ueta, Yusuke Kitazawa, and Nobuko Tokuda., 18 Jan. 2024, 17 Jan. 2024, 19 Jan. 2024, Oral presentation, Japan, Unlike mouse dendritic cells (DCs), rat DCs have been canonically identified with CD103 molecules. However, in an effort to classify MHCII+ cell subsets in rat thymus, we found CD103-CD172a+CD45R- cells. This subset was morphologically similar to conventional DC subsets and commonly existed in peripheral lymphoid tissues, so we named this CD103- DC-like cells provisionally.
To characterize CD103- DC-like cells, we performed microarray analyses on conventional DC1s (cDC1s), conventional DC2s (cDC2s), and CD103- DC-like cells isolated from spleens and thymi. Although principal component analysis of the data revealed that CD103- DC-like cells are similar to cDC2s rather than cDC1, CD103- DC-like cells uniquely expressed Fcnb, Cd14, Il1a, Fn1, etc. Regarding differences between organs, thymic CD103- DC-like cells expressed uniquely Mmp14, C3, Apoc1, etc, while splenic CD103- DC-like cells expressed Nos2, Slc11a1, Gda, etc.
As CD103- DC-like cells expressed some macrophage/monocyte signature molecules, including Fn1, Ly6c, Cd14, and Mafb, we also compared CD103- DC-like cells with CD163+ macrophages. CD163+ macrophages expressed a broader spectrum of macrophage signature genes than CD103- DC-like cells, including Adgre1, Fcgr3a, and Msr1. Moreover, on a chart of principal component analysis, CD103- DC-like cells and cDCs made a cluster apart from a cluster of the macrophages, suggesting that CD103- DC-like cells are similar to cDCs rather than macrophages., False, Domestic journal